Module checks | Tarantool
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Module checks

Since: 2.11.0

The checks module provides the ability to check the types of arguments passed to a Lua function. You need to call the checks(type_1, …) function inside the target Lua function and pass one or more type qualifiers to check the corresponding argument types. There are two types of type qualifiers:

  • A string type qualifier checks whether a function’s argument conforms to the specified type. Example: 'string'.
  • A table type qualifier checks whether the values of a table passed as an argument conform to the specified types. Example: { 'string', 'number' }.

Примечание

For earlier versions, you can install the checks module from the Tarantool rocks repository.

In Tarantool 2.11.0 and later versions, the checks API is available in a script without loading the module.

For earlier versions, you need to install the checks module from the Tarantool rocks repository and load the module using the require() directive:

local checks = require('checks')

For each argument to check, you need to specify its own type qualifier in the checks(type_1, …) function.

In the example below, the checks function accepts a string type qualifier to verify that only a string value can be passed to the greet function. Otherwise, an error is raised.

function greet(name)
    checks('string')
    return 'Hello, ' .. name
end
--[[
greet('John')
-- returns 'Hello, John'

greet(123)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (string expected, got number)
--]]

To check the types of several arguments, you need to pass the corresponding type qualifiers to the checks function. In the example below, both arguments should be string values.

function greet_fullname(firstname, lastname)
    checks('string', 'string')
    return 'Hello, ' .. firstname .. ' ' .. lastname
end
--[[
greet_fullname('John', 'Smith')
-- returns 'Hello, John Smith'

greet_fullname('John', 1)
-- raises an error: bad argument #2 to nil (string expected, got number)
--]]

To skip checking specific arguments, use the ? placeholder.

You can check the types of explicitly specified arguments for functions that accept a variable number of arguments.

function extra_arguments_num(a, b, ...)
    checks('string', 'number')
    return select('#', ...)
end
--[[
extra_arguments_num('a', 2, 'c')
-- returns 1

extra_arguments_num('a', 'b', 'c')
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (string expected, got number)
--]]

This section describes how to check a specific argument type using a string type qualifier:

  • The Supported types section describes all the types supported by the checks module.
  • If required, you can make a union type to allow an argument to accept several types.
  • You can make any of the supported types optional.
  • To skip checking specific arguments, use the ? placeholder.

A string type qualifier can accept any of the Lua types, for example, string, number, table, or nil. In the example below, the checks function accepts string to validate that only a string value can be passed to the greet function.

function greet(name)
    checks('string')
    return 'Hello, ' .. name
end
--[[
greet('John')
-- returns 'Hello, John'

greet(123)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (string expected, got number)
--]]

You can use Tarantool-specific types in a string qualifier. The example below shows how to check that a function argument is a decimal value.

local decimal = require('decimal')
function sqrt(value)
    checks('decimal')
    return decimal.sqrt(value)
end
--[[
sqrt(decimal.new(16))
-- returns 4

sqrt(16)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (decimal expected, got number)
--]]

This table lists all the checks available for Tarantool types:

Check Description See also
checks('datetime') Check whether the specified value is datetime_object checkers.datetime(value)
checks('decimal') Check whether the specified value has the decimal type checkers.decimal(value)
checks('error') Check whether the specified value is error_object checkers.error(value)
checks('int64') Check whether the specified value is an int64 value checkers.int64(value)
checks('interval') Check whether the specified value is interval_object checkers.interval(value)
checks('tuple') Check whether the specified value is a tuple checkers.tuple(value)
checks('uint64') Check whether the specified value is a uint64 value checkers.uint64(value)
checks('uuid') Check whether the specified value is uuid_object checkers.uuid(value)
checks('uuid_bin') Check whether the specified value is uuid represented by a 16-byte binary string checkers.uuid_bin(value)
checks('uuid_str') Check whether the specified value is uuid represented by a 36-byte hexadecimal string checkers.uuid_str(value)

A string type qualifier can accept the name of a custom function that performs arbitrary validations. To achieve this, create a function returning true if the value is valid and add this function to the checkers table.

The example below shows how to use the positive function to check that an argument value is a positive number.

function checkers.positive(value)
    return (type(value) == 'number') and (value > 0)
end

function get_doubled_number(value)
    checks('positive')
    return value * 2
end
--[[
get_doubled_number(10)
-- returns 20

get_doubled_number(-5)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (positive expected, got number)
--]]

A string qualifier can accept a value stored in the __type field of the argument metatable.

local blue = setmetatable({ 0, 0, 255 }, { __type = 'color' })
function get_blue_value(color)
    checks('color')
    return color[3]
end
--[[
get_blue_value(blue)
-- returns 255

get_blue_value({0, 0, 255})
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (color expected, got table)
--]]

To allow an argument to accept several types (a union type), concatenate type names with a pipe (|). In the example below, the argument can be both a number and string value.

function get_argument_type(value)
    checks('number|string')
    return type(value)
end
--[[
get_argument_type(1)
-- returns 'number'

get_argument_type('key1')
-- returns 'string'

get_argument_type(true)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (number|string expected, got boolean)
--]]

To make any of the supported types optional, prefix its name with a question mark (?). In the example below, the name argument is optional. This means that the greet function can accept string and nil values.

function greet(name)
    checks('?string')
    if name ~= nil then
        return 'Hello, ' .. name
    else
        return 'Hello from Tarantool'
    end
end
--[[
greet('John')
-- returns 'Hello, John'

greet()
-- returns 'Hello from Tarantool'

greet(123)
-- raises an error: bad argument #1 to nil (string expected, got number)
--]]

As for a specific type, you can make a union type value optional: ?number|string.

You can skip checking of the specified arguments using the question mark (?) placeholder. In this case, the argument can be any type.

function greet_fullname_any(firstname, lastname)
    checks('string', '?')
    return 'Hello, ' .. firstname .. ' ' .. tostring(lastname)
end
--[[
greet_fullname_any('John', 'Doe')
-- returns 'Hello, John Doe'

greet_fullname_any('John', 1)
-- returns 'Hello, John 1'
--]]

A table type qualifier checks whether the values of a table passed as an argument conform to the specified types. In this case, the following checks are made:

  • The argument is checked to conform to the ?table type, and its content is validated.
  • Table values are validated against the specified string type qualifiers.
  • Table keys missing in checks are validated against the nil type.

The code below checks that the first and second table values have the string and number types.

function configure_connection(options)
    checks({ 'string', 'number' })
    local ip_address = options[1] or '127.0.0.1'
    local port = options[2] or 3301
    return ip_address .. ':' .. port
end
--[[
configure_connection({'0.0.0.0', 3303})
-- returns '0.0.0.0:3303'

configure_connection({'0.0.0.0', '3303'})
-- raises an error: bad argument options[2] to nil (number expected, got string)
--]]

In the next example, the same checks are made for the specified keys.

function configure_connection_opts(options)
    checks({ ip_address = 'string', port = 'number' })
    local ip_address = options.ip_address or '127.0.0.1'
    local port = options.port or 3301
    return ip_address .. ':' .. port
end
--[[
configure_connection_opts({ip_address = '0.0.0.0', port = 3303})
-- returns '0.0.0.0:3303'

configure_connection_opts({ip_address = '0.0.0.0', port = '3303'})
-- raises an error: bad argument options.port to nil (number expected, got string)

configure_connection_opts({login = 'testuser', ip_address = '0.0.0.0', port = 3303})
-- raises an error: unexpected argument options.login to nil
--]]

Примечание

Table qualifiers can be nested and use tables, too.

Members  
checks() When called inside a function, checks that the function’s arguments conform to the specified types
checkers A global variable that provides access to checkers for different types

checks(type_1, ...)

When called inside a function, checks that the function’s arguments conform to the specified types.

Параметры:
  • type_1 (string/table) – a string or table type qualifier used to check the argument type
  • ... – optional type qualifiers used to check the types of other arguments

The checkers global variable provides access to checkers for different types. You can use this variable to add a custom checker that performs arbitrary validations.

Примечание

The checkers variable also provides access to checkers for Tarantool-specific types. These checkers can be used in a custom checker.

checkers.datetime(value)

Check whether the specified value is datetime_object.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is datetime_object; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local datetime = require('datetime')
local is_datetime = checkers.datetime(datetime.new { day = 1, month = 6, year = 2023 })
local is_interval = checkers.interval(datetime.interval.new { day = 1 })
checkers.decimal(value)

Check whether the specified value has the decimal type.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value has the decimal type; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local decimal = require('decimal')
local is_decimal = checkers.decimal(decimal.new(16))
checkers.error(value)

Check whether the specified value is error_object.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is error_object; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local server_error = box.error.new({ code = 500, reason = 'Server error' })
local is_error = checkers.error(server_error)
checkers.int64(value)

Check whether the specified value is one of the following int64 values:

  • a Lua number in a range from -2^53+1 to 2^53-1 (inclusive)
  • Lua cdata ctype<uint64_t> in a range from 0 to LLONG_MAX
  • Lua cdata ctype<int64_t>
Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is an int64 value; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local is_int64 = checkers.int64(-1024)
local is_uint64 = checkers.uint64(2048)
checkers.interval(value)

Check whether the specified value is interval_object.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is interval_object; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local datetime = require('datetime')
local is_datetime = checkers.datetime(datetime.new { day = 1, month = 6, year = 2023 })
local is_interval = checkers.interval(datetime.interval.new { day = 1 })
checkers.tuple(value)

Check whether the specified value is a tuple.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is a tuple; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local is_tuple = checkers.tuple(box.tuple.new{1, 'The Beatles', 1960})
checkers.uint64(value)

Check whether the specified value is one of the following uint64 values:

  • a Lua number in a range from 0 to 2^53-1 (inclusive)
  • Lua cdata ctype<uint64_t>
  • Lua cdata ctype<int64_t> in range from 0 to LLONG_MAX
Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is an uint64 value; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local is_int64 = checkers.int64(-1024)
local is_uint64 = checkers.uint64(2048)
checkers.uuid(value)

Check whether the specified value is uuid_object.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is uuid_object; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

Example

local uuid = require('uuid')
local is_uuid = checkers.uuid(uuid())
local is_uuid_bin = checkers.uuid_bin(uuid.bin())
local is_uuid_str = checkers.uuid_str(uuid.str())
checkers.uuid_bin(value)

Check whether the specified value is uuid represented by a 16-byte binary string.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is uuid represented by a 16-byte binary string; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

See also: uuid(value)

checkers.uuid_str(value)

Check whether the specified value is uuid represented by a 36-byte hexadecimal string.

Параметры:
  • value (any) – the value to check the type for
Return:

true if the specified value is uuid represented by a 36-byte hexadecimal string; otherwise, false

Rtype:

boolean

See also: uuid(value)

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