Submodule box.schema¶

Overview¶

The box.schema submodule has data-definition functions for spaces, users, roles, function tuples, and sequences.

Index¶

Below is a list of all box.schema functions.

box.schema.space.create(space-name[, {options}])¶

box.schema.create_space(space-name[, {options}])¶

Create a space.

Parameters:	space-name (string) – name of space, which should conform to the rules for object names options (table) – see “Options for box.schema.space.create” chart, below
Return:	space object
Rtype:	userdata

You can use either syntax. For example, s = box.schema.space.create('tester') has the same effect as s = box.schema.create_space('tester').

Options for box.schema.space.create

Name	Effect	Type	Default
engine	‘memtx’ or ‘vinyl’	string	‘memtx’
field_count	fixed count of fields: for example if field_count=5, it is illegal to insert a tuple with fewer than or more than 5 fields	number	0 i.e. not fixed
format	field names and types: See the illustrations of format clauses in the space_object:format() description and in the box.space._space example. Optional and usually not specified.	table	(blank)
id	unique identifier: users can refer to spaces with the id instead of the name	number	last space’s id, +1
if_not_exists	create space only if a space with the same name does not exist already, otherwise do nothing but do not cause an error	boolean	false
is_local	space contents are replication-local: changes are stored in the write-ahead log of the local node but there is no replication.	boolean	false
temporary	space contents are temporary: changes are not stored in the write-ahead log and there is no replication. Note re storage engine: vinyl does not support temporary spaces.	boolean	false
user	name of the user who is considered to be the space’s owner for authorization purposes	string	current user’s name

There are three syntax variations for object references targeting space objects, for example box.schema.space.drop(space-id) will drop a space. However, the common approach is to use functions attached to the space objects, for example space_object:drop().

Example

tarantool> s = box.schema.space.create('space55')
---
...
tarantool> s = box.schema.space.create('space55', {
         >   id = 555,
         >   temporary = false
         > })
---
- error: Space 'space55' already exists
...
tarantool> s = box.schema.space.create('space55', {
         >   if_not_exists = true
         > })
---
...

After a space is created, usually the next step is to create an index for it, and then it is available for insert, select, and all the other box.space functions.

box.schema.user.create(user-name[, {options}])¶

Create a user. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains user data, see section Users and reference on _user space.

The possible options are:

• if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the user already exists,
• password (default = ‘’) - string; the password = password specification is good because in a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) it is usually illegal to include a user-name without a password.

Note

The maximum number of users is 32.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – name of user, which should conform to the rules for object names options (table) – if_not_exists, password
Return:	nil

Examples:

box.schema.user.create('Lena')
box.schema.user.create('Lena', {password = 'X'})
box.schema.user.create('Lena', {if_not_exists = false})

box.schema.user.drop(user-name[, {options}])¶

Drop a user. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains user data, see section Users and reference on _user space.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – the name of the user options (table) – if_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the user does not exist.

Examples:

box.schema.user.drop('Lena')
box.schema.user.drop('Lena',{if_exists=false})

box.schema.user.exists(user-name)¶

Return true if a user exists; return false if a user does not exist. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains user data, see section Users and reference on _user space.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – the name of the user
Rtype:	bool

Example:

box.schema.user.exists('Lena')

box.schema.user.grant(user-name, privileges, object-type, object-name[, {options}])¶

box.schema.user.grant(user-name, privileges, 'universe'[, nil, {options}])

box.schema.user.grant(user-name, role-name[, nil, nil, {options}])

Grant privileges to a user or to another role.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – the name of the user. privileges (string) – ‘read’ or ‘write’ or ‘execute’ or ‘create’ or ‘alter’ or ‘drop’ or a combination. object-type (string) – ‘space’ or ‘function’ or ‘sequence’ or ‘role’. object-name (string) – name of object to grant permissions for. role-name (string) – name of role to grant to user. options (table) – grantor, if_not_exists.

If 'function','object-name' is specified, then a _func tuple with that object-name must exist.

Variation: instead of object-type, object-name say ‘universe’ which means ‘all object-types and all objects’. In this case, object name is omitted.

Variation: instead of privilege, object-type, object-name say role-name (see section Roles).

Variation: instead of box.schema.user.grant('user-name','usage,session','universe',nil, {if_not_exists=true}) say box.schema.user.enable('user-name').

The possible options are:

• grantor = grantor_name_or_id – string or number, for custom grantor,
• if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the user already has the privilege.

Example:

box.schema.user.grant('Lena', 'read', 'space', 'tester')
box.schema.user.grant('Lena', 'execute', 'function', 'f')
box.schema.user.grant('Lena', 'read,write', 'universe')
box.schema.user.grant('Lena', 'Accountant')
box.schema.user.grant('Lena', 'read,write,execute', 'universe')
box.schema.user.grant('X', 'read', 'universe', nil, {if_not_exists=true}))

box.schema.user.revoke(user-name, privileges, object-type, object-name[, {options}])¶

box.schema.user.revoke(user-name, privileges, 'universe'[, nil, {options}])

box.schema.user.revoke(user-name, role-name[, nil, nil, {options}])

Revoke privileges from a user or from another role.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – the name of the user. privilege (string) – ‘read’ or ‘write’ or ‘execute’ or ‘create’ or ‘alter’ or ‘drop’ or a combination. object-type (string) – ‘space’ or ‘function’ or ‘sequence’. object-name (string) – the name of a function or space or sequence. options (table) – if_exists.

The user must exist, and the object must exist, but if the option setting is {if_exists=true} then it is not an error if the user does not have the privilege.

Variation: instead of object-type, object-name say ‘universe’ which means ‘all object-types and all objects’.

Variation: instead of privilege, object-type, object-name say role-name (see section Roles).

Variation: instead of box.schema.user.revoke('user-name','usage,session','universe',nil, {if_exists=true}) say box.schema.user.disable('user-name').

Example:

box.schema.user.revoke('Lena', 'read', 'space', 'tester')
box.schema.user.revoke('Lena', 'execute', 'function', 'f')
box.schema.user.revoke('Lena', 'read,write', 'universe')
box.schema.user.revoke('Lena', 'Accountant')

box.schema.user.password(password)¶

Return a hash of a user’s password. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains passwords, see section Passwords and reference on _user space.

Note

• If a non-‘guest’ user has no password, it’s impossible to connect to Tarantool using this user. The user is regarded as “internal” only, not usable from a remote connection. Such users can be useful if they have defined some procedures with the SETUID option, on which privileges are granted to externally-connectable users. This way, external users cannot create/drop objects, they can only invoke procedures.
• For the ‘guest’ user, it’s impossible to set a password: that would be misleading, since ‘guest’ is the default user on a newly-established connection over a binary port, and Tarantool does not require a password to establish a binary connection. It is, however, possible to change the current user to ‘guest’ by providing the AUTH packet with no password at all or an empty password. This feature is useful for connection pools, which want to reuse a connection for a different user without re-establishing it.

Parameters:	password (string) – password to be hashed
Rtype:	string

Example:

box.schema.user.password('ЛЕНА')

box.schema.user.passwd([user-name, ]password)¶

Associate a password with the user who is currently logged in, or with the user specified by user-name. The user must exist and must not be ‘guest’.

Users who wish to change their own passwords should use box.schema.user.passwd(password) syntax.

Administrators who wish to change passwords of other users should use box.schema.user.passwd(user-name, password) syntax.

Parameters:	user-name (string) – user-name password (string) – password

Example:

box.schema.user.passwd('ЛЕНА')
box.schema.user.passwd('Lena', 'ЛЕНА')

box.schema.user.info([user-name])¶

Return a description of a user’s privileges.

box.schema.role.create(role-name[, {options}])¶

Create a role. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains role data, see section Roles.

Parameters:	role-name (string) – name of role, which should conform to the rules for object names options (table) – if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the role already exists
Return:	nil

Example:

box.schema.role.create('Accountant')
box.schema.role.create('Accountant', {if_not_exists = false})

box.schema.role.drop(role-name[, {options}])¶

Drop a role. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains role data, see section Roles.

Parameters:	role-name (string) – the name of the role options (table) – if_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the role does not exist.

Example:

box.schema.role.drop('Accountant')

box.schema.role.exists(role-name)¶

Return true if a role exists; return false if a role does not exist.

Parameters:	role-name (string) – the name of the role
Rtype:	bool

Example:

box.schema.role.exists('Accountant')

box.schema.role.grant(role-name, privilege, object-type, object-name[, option])¶

box.schema.role.grant(role-name, privilege, 'universe'[, nil, option])

box.schema.role.grant(role-name, role-name[, nil, nil, option])

Grant privileges to a role.

Parameters:

role-name (string) – the name of the role. privilege (string) – ‘read’ or ‘write’ or ‘execute’ or ‘create’ or ‘alter’ or ‘drop’ or a combination. object-type (string) – ‘space’ or ‘function’ or ‘sequence’ or ‘role’. object-name (string) – the name of a function or space or sequence or role. option (table) – if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the role already has the privilege.

The role must exist, and the object must exist.

Variation: instead of object-type, object-name say ‘universe’ which means ‘all object-types and all objects’. In this case, object name is omitted.

Variation: instead of privilege, object-type, object-name say role-name – to grant a role to a role.

Example:

box.schema.role.grant('Accountant', 'read', 'space', 'tester')
box.schema.role.grant('Accountant', 'execute', 'function', 'f')
box.schema.role.grant('Accountant', 'read,write', 'universe')
box.schema.role.grant('public', 'Accountant')
box.schema.role.grant('role1', 'role2', nil, nil, {if_not_exists=false})

box.schema.role.revoke(role-name, privilege, object-type, object-name)¶

Revoke privileges from a role.

Parameters:	role-name (string) – the name of the role. privilege (string) – ‘read’ or ‘write’ or ‘execute’ or ‘create’ or ‘alter’ or ‘drop’ or a combination. object-type (string) – ‘space’ or ‘function’ or ‘sequence’ or ‘role’. object-name (string) – the name of a function or space or sequence or role.

The role must exist, and the object must exist, but it is not an error if the role does not have the privilege.

Variation: instead of object-type, object-name say ‘universe’ which means ‘all object-types and all objects’.

Variation: instead of privilege, object-type, object-name say role-name.

Example:

box.schema.role.revoke('Accountant', 'read', 'space', 'tester')
box.schema.role.revoke('Accountant', 'execute', 'function', 'f')
box.schema.role.revoke('Accountant', 'read,write', 'universe')
box.schema.role.revoke('public', 'Accountant')

box.schema.role.info(role-name)¶

Return a description of a role’s privileges.

Parameters:	role-name (string) – the name of the role.

Example:

box.schema.role.info('Accountant')

box.schema.func.create(func-name[, {options-without-body}])¶

Create a function tuple. without including the body option. (For functions created with the body option, see box.schema.func.create(func-name [, {options-with-body}]).

This is called a “not persistent” function because functions without bodies are not persistent. This does not create the function itself – that is done with Lua – but if it is necessary to grant privileges for a function, box.schema.func.create must be done first. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains function data, see the reference for the box.space._func space.

The possible options are:

• if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the _func tuple already exists.
• setuid = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means that Tarantool should treat the function’s caller as the function’s owner, with owner privileges. setuid works only over binary ports, setuid does not work if the function is invoked via an admin console or inside a Lua script.
• language = ‘LUA’|’C’ (default = ‘LUA’) - string.

Parameters:	func-name (string) – name of function, which should conform to the rules for object names options (table) – if_not_exists, setuid, language.
Return:	nil

Example:

box.schema.func.create('calculate')
box.schema.func.create('calculate', {if_not_exists = false})
box.schema.func.create('calculate', {setuid = false})
box.schema.func.create('calculate', {language = 'LUA'})

box.schema.func.create(func-name[, {options-with-body}])

Create a function tuple. including the body option. (For functions created without the body option, see box.schema.func.create(func-name [, {options-without-body}]).

This is called a “persistent” function because only functions with bodies are persistent. This does create the function itself, the body is a function definition. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains function data, see the reference for the box.space._func space.

The possible options are:

• if_not_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; same as for box.schema.func.create(func-name [, {options-without-body}]).
• setuid = true|false (default = false) - boolean; same as for box.schema.func.create(func-name [, {options-without-body}]).
• language = ‘LUA’|’C’ (default = ‘LUA’) - string. same as for box.schema.func.create(func-name [, {options-without-body}]).
• is_sandboxed = true|false (default = false) - boolean; whether the function should be executed in a sandbox.
• is_deterministic = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means that the function should be deterministic, false means that the function may or may not be deterministic.
• body = function definition (default = nil) - string; the function definition.

Parameters:	func-name (string) – name of function, which should conform to the rules for object names options (table) – if_not_exists, setuid, language, is_sandboxed, is_deterministic, body.
Return:	nil

C functions are imported from .so files, Lua functions can be defined within body. We will only describe Lua functions in this section.

A function tuple with a body is “persistent” because the tuple is stored in a snapshot and is recoverable if the server restarts. All of the option values described in this section are visible in the box.space._func system space.

If is_sandboxed is true, then the function will be executed in an isolated environment: any operation that accesses the world outside the sandbox will be forbidden or will have no effect. Therefore a sandboxed function can only use modules and functions which cannot affect isolation: assert, error, ipairs, math.*, next, pairs, pcall, print, select, string.*, table.*, tonumber, tostring, type, unpack, utf8.*, xpcall. Also a sandboxed function cannot refer to global variables – they will be treated as local variables because the sandbox is established with setfenv. So a sandboxed function will happen to be stateless and deterministic.

If is_deterministic is true, there is no immediate effect. Tarantool plans to use the is_deterministic value in a future version. A function is deterministic if it always returns the same outputs given the same inputs. It is the function creator’s responsibility to ensure that a function is truly deterministic.

Using a persistent Lua function

After a persistent Lua function is created, it can be found in the box.space._func system space, and it can be shown with
box.func.func-name
and it can be invoked by any user with authorization to ‘execute’ it. The syntax for invoking is:
box.func.func-name:call([parameters])
or, if the connection is remote, the syntax is as in net_box:call().

Example:

tarantool> lua_code = [[function(a, b) return a + b end]]
tarantool> box.schema.func.create('sum', {body = lua_code})

tarantool> box.func.sum
---
- is_sandboxed: false
  is_deterministic: false
  id: 2
  setuid: false
  body: function(a, b) return a + b end
  name: sum
  language: LUA
...

tarantool> box.func.sum:call({1, 2})
---
- 3
...

box.schema.func.drop(func-name[, {options}])¶

Drop a function tuple. For explanation of how Tarantool maintains function data, see reference on _func space.

Parameters:	func-name (string) – the name of the function options (table) – if_exists = true|false (default = false) - boolean; true means there should be no error if the _func tuple does not exist.

Example:

box.schema.func.drop('calculate')

box.schema.func.exists(func-name)¶

Return true if a function tuple exists; return false if a function tuple does not exist.

Parameters:	func-name (string) – the name of the function
Rtype:	bool

Example:

box.schema.func.exists('calculate')

box.schema.func.reload([name])¶

Reload a C module with all its functions without restarting the server.

Under the hood, Tarantool loads a new copy of the module (*.so shared library) and starts routing all new request to the new version. The previous version remains active until all started calls are finished. All shared libraries are loaded with RTLD_LOCAL (see “man 3 dlopen”), therefore multiple copies can co-exist without any problems.

Note

Reload will fail if a module was loaded from Lua script with ffi.load().

Parameters:	name (string) – the name of the module to reload

Example:

-- reload the entire module contents
box.schema.func.reload('module')