• Overview
  • An application server together with a database manager
  • Database features
• User’s Guide
  • Preface
    • How to read the documentation
    • Getting in touch with the Tarantool community
    • Conventions used in this manual
  • Getting started
    • Using a Docker image
      • Launching a container
      • Attaching to Tarantool
      • Creating a database
      • Stopping a container
    • Using a binary package
      • Starting Tarantool
      • Creating a database
      • Connecting remotely
  • Database
    • Data model
      • Space
      • Tuple
      • Index
      • Data types
        • Lua vs MsgPack
        • Indexed field types
      • Collations
      • Sequences
        • Options for box.schema.sequence.create()
      • Persistence
      • Operations
        • Data operations
        • Index operations
        • Complexity factors
    • Transaction control
      • Threads, fibers and yields
      • Cooperative multitasking
      • Transactions
      • Implicit yields
    • Access control
      • Users
      • Passwords
      • Owners and privileges
      • Roles
      • Sessions and security
    • Triggers
    • Limitations
    • Storage engines
      • Differences between memtx and vinyl storage engines
      • Storing data with vinyl
        • Algorithm
        • Range searching
        • Advantages of an LSM tree
        • Disadvantages of an LSM tree and how to deal with them
        • Advanced features of vinyl
  • Tarantool Cartridge
    • About Tarantool Cartridge
    • Tarantool Cartridge developer’s guide
      • Installing Tarantool Cartridge
      • Application templates
        • Plain template
        • Cluster template
      • Cluster roles
        • Built-in roles
        • Custom roles
        • Defining role dependencies
        • Using multiple vshard storage groups
        • Role’s life cycle and the order of function execution
        • Configuring custom roles
        • Applying custom role’s configuration
      • Using the built-in HTTP server
      • Implementing authorization in the web interface
      • Application versioning
      • Using .cartridge-cli.ignore files
      • Deploying an application
        • Deploying as an rpm or deb package
        • Deploying as a tar+gz archive
        • Deploying from sources
      • Configuring instances
      • Starting/stopping instances
        • Start/stop using tarantool
        • Start/stop using cartridge CLI
        • Start/stop using systemctl
    • Tarantool Cartridge administrator’s guide
      • Deploying the cluster
      • Updating the configuration
      • Managing the cluster
        • Changing the cluster topology
        • Deactivating replica sets
        • Expelling instances
        • Enabling automatic failover
        • Switching the replica set’s master
      • Managing users
      • Resolving conflicts
      • Monitoring cluster via CLI
        • Connecting to nodes via CLI
        • Monitoring storages
        • Monitoring routers
      • Troubleshooting
      • Disaster recovery
      • Backups
  • Application server
    • Launching an application
      • Launching in Docker
      • Launching a binary program
    • Creating an application
      • Modules, rocks and applications
      • Avro schemas
      • Bootstrapping a database
      • GIS
      • Index iterators
      • Fibers
      • Logging
      • nginx
      • Non-blocking IO
    • Installing a module
      • Installing a module from a repository
      • Installing a module from deb/rpm
    • Contributing a module
      • Contributing a module in Lua
      • Contributing a module in C
    • Reloading a module
      • Reloading a module in Lua
      • Reloading a module in C
    • Developing with an IDE
    • Cookbook recipes
      • hello_world.lua
      • console_start.lua
      • fio_read.lua
      • fio_write.lua
      • ffi_printf.lua
      • ffi_gettimeofday.lua
      • ffi_zlib.lua
      • ffi_meta.lua
      • ffi_varbinary_insert.lua
      • print_arrays.lua
      • count_array.lua
      • count_array_with_nils.lua
      • count_array_with_nulls.lua
      • count_map.lua
      • swap.lua
      • class.lua
      • garbage.lua
      • fiber_producer_and_consumer.lua
      • socket_tcpconnect.lua
      • socket_tcp_echo.lua
      • getaddrinfo.lua
      • socket_udp_echo.lua
      • http_get.lua
      • http_send.lua
      • http_server.lua
      • http_generate_html.lua
  • Server administration
    • Instance configuration
      • Instance file
      • tarantoolctl configuration file
    • Starting/stopping an instance
      • Running Tarantool locally
    • Logs
    • Security
    • Server introspection
      • Using Tarantool as a client
      • Executing code on an instance
      • Health checks
      • Profiling performance issues
        • fiber.info()
        • Poor man’s profilers
        • gperftools
        • perf
        • jit.p
    • Daemon supervision
      • Server signals
      • Automatic instance restart
      • Core dumps
      • Stack traces
      • Debugger
    • Disaster recovery
      • Master-replica
      • Master-master
      • Data loss
    • Backups
      • Hot backup (memtx)
      • Hot backup (vinyl/memtx)
      • Continuous remote backup (memtx)
      • Continuous backup (memtx)
    • Upgrades
      • Upgrading a Tarantool database
      • Upgrading a Tarantool instance
        • How to upgrade from Tarantool 1.7 to 2.x
        • How to upgrade from Tarantool 1.6 to 2.x
        • How to upgrade from Tarantool 1.6 to 1.7
      • Upgrading Tarantool in a replication cluster
    • Notes for operating systems
      • Mac OS
      • FreeBSD
      • Gentoo Linux
    • Bug reports
    • Troubleshooting guide
      • Problem: INSERT/UPDATE-requests result in ER_MEMORY_ISSUE error
      • Problem: Tarantool generates too heavy CPU load
      • Problem: Query processing times out
      • Problem: Replication “lag” and “idle” contain negative values
      • Problem: Replication “idle” keeps growing, but no related log messages appear
      • Problem: Replication statistics differ on replicas within a replica set
      • Problem: Master-master replication is stopped
      • Problem: Tarantool works much slower than before
  • Replication
    • Replication architecture
      • Replication mechanism
      • Replication setup
      • Replication roles: master and replica
      • Replication topologies: cascade, ring and full mesh
    • Bootstrapping a replica set
      • Master-replica bootstrap
      • Controlled failover
      • Master-master bootstrap
    • Adding instances
      • Adding a replica
      • Adding a master
      • Orphan status
      • Server startup with replication
    • Removing instances
    • Monitoring a replica set
    • Recovering from a degraded state
    • Reseeding a replica
    • Preventing duplicate actions
      • Replication stops
      • Replication runs out of sync
      • Commutative changes
  • Connectors
    • Protocol
    • Packet example
    • Setting up the server for connector examples
    • Java
    • Go
    • R
    • Erlang
    • Perl
    • PHP
    • Python
    • Node.js
    • C#
    • C
      • Example 1
      • Example 2
    • Interpreting function return values
  • SQL
  • FAQ
• Reference
  • SQL reference
    • SQL statements and clauses
      • ALTER TABLE
      • CREATE TABLE
        • Column definition
        • Column definition – data type
        • Column definition – the rules for the SCALAR data type
        • Column definition – relation to NoSQL
        • Column definition – column-constraint or default clause
        • Column definition – examples
      • DROP TABLE
      • CREATE VIEW
      • DROP VIEW
      • CREATE INDEX
      • DROP INDEX
      • INSERT
      • UPDATE
      • DELETE
      • REPLACE
      • CREATE TRIGGER
        • Trigger extra clauses
        • Trigger activation
        • INSTEAD OF triggers
      • DROP TRIGGER
      • TRUNCATE
      • SELECT
        • Select-list
        • FROM clause
        • WHERE clause
        • GROUP BY clause
        • Aggregate functions
        • HAVING clause
        • ORDER BY clause
        • LIMIT clause
        • VALUES
        • Subquery
        • WITH clause
        • WITH RECURSIVE
        • UNION, EXCEPT, and INTERSECT clauses
        • INDEXED BY clause
      • Transactions
        • START TRANSACTION
        • COMMIT
        • SAVEPOINT
        • RELEASE SAVEPOINT
        • ROLLBACK
      • Functions
        • CHAR
        • COALESCE
        • HEX
        • IFNULL
        • LENGTH
        • LOWER
        • NULLIF
        • PRINTF
        • QUOTE
        • SOUNDEX
        • UNICODE
        • UPPER
        • VERSION
  • Built-in modules reference
    • Module box
      • Submodule box.backup
      • Submodule box.cfg
      • Submodule box.ctl
      • Submodule box.error
        • Overview
        • Index
      • Submodule box.index
        • Overview
        • Index
        • Example showing use of the box functions
        • Example showing a user-defined iterator
        • Submodule box.index with index type = RTREE for spatial searches
      • Submodule box.info
      • Function box.once
      • Submodule box.schema
        • Overview
        • Index
      • Submodule box.session
        • Overview
        • Index
      • Submodule box.slab
        • Overview
        • Index
      • Submodule box.space
        • Overview
        • Index
        • Example: using box.space functions to read _space tuples
        • Example: using box.space functions to organize a _space tuple
        • Example: using data operations
      • Submodule box.stat
      • Function box.snapshot
      • Submodule box.tuple
        • Overview
        • Index
        • Example
      • Functions for transaction management
        • Overview
        • Index
      • Functions for SQL
    • Module buffer
    • Module clock
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module console
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module crypto
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Incremental methods in the crypto module
      • Getting the same results from digest and crypto modules
    • Module csv
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module decimal
    • Module digest
      • Overview
      • Index
        • Incremental methods in the digest module
        • Example
    • Module errno
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module fiber
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Fibers
        • Example
      • Channels
        • Example
      • Condition variables
        • Example
    • Module fio
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Common pathname manipulations
      • Directory or file existence and type checks
      • Common file manipulations
      • FIO constants
    • Module fun
    • Module http
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module iconv
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module json
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module key_def
    • Module log
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Example
    • Module merger
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module msgpack
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Example
    • Module net.box
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Triggers
      • Example
    • Module os
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module pickle
      • Index
    • Module socket
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Recommended size
      • Examples
        • Use of a TCP socket over the Internet
        • Use of a UDP socket on localhost
        • Use tcp_server to accept file contents sent with socat
    • Module strict
    • Module string
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module swim
      • Overview
      • SWIM internals
    • Module table
    • Module tap
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Example
    • Module tarantool
    • Module uuid
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Example
    • Module utf8
      • Overview
    • Module uri
      • Overview
      • Index
    • Module xlog
    • Module yaml
      • Overview
      • Index
      • Example
    • Other package components
    • Database error codes
    • Handling errors
    • Debug facilities
      • Overview
      • Index
  • Rocks reference
    • SQL DBMS Modules
      • MySQL Example
        • Installation
        • Connecting
        • How to ping
        • Executing a statement
        • Closing connection
        • Example
      • PostgreSQL Example
        • Installation
        • Connecting
        • How to ping
        • Executing a statement
        • Closing connection
        • Example
    • Module expirationd
    • Module membership
      • Member data structure
      • API reference
    • Module shard
      • Example: shard.init syntax for one shard
      • Example: shard.init syntax for three shards
      • Example: shard, minimal configuration
      • Example: shard, scaling out
    • Module vshard
      • Summary
      • Architecture
        • Overview
        • Structure
        • Migration of buckets
        • Processing requests
        • Glossary
      • Administration
        • Installation
        • Configuration
      • Quick start guide
        • Sample configuration
      • Configuration reference
        • Basic parameters
        • Replica set functions
        • API reference
    • Module tdb
      • Debugger Commands
      • Example Session
    • Cartridge API
    • Cartridge Command Line Interface
      • Installation
      • Usage
        • Applications lifecycle
        • Managing instances
      • Misc
        • Running end-to-end tests
  • Configuration reference
    • Command options
    • URI
    • Initialization file
    • Configuration parameters
      • Basic parameters
      • Configuring the storage
      • Checkpoint daemon
      • Binary logging and snapshots
      • Hot standby
      • Replication
      • Networking
      • Logging
        • Logging example
      • Feedback
      • Deprecated parameters
  • Interactive console
  • Utility tarantoolctl
    • Command format
    • Commands for managing Tarantool instances
    • Commands for managing checkpoint files
    • Commands for managing Tarantool modules
  • Tips on Lua syntax
    • Object reference variations
    • Parameter variations
    • Rules for object names
• Tutorials
  • Lua tutorials
    • Insert one million tuples with a Lua stored procedure
      • Configure
      • Delimiter
      • Create a function that returns a string
      • Create a function that calls another function and sets a variable
      • Modify the function so it returns a one-letter random string
      • Modify the function so it returns a ten-letter random string
      • Make a tuple out of a number and a string
      • Modify main_function to insert a tuple into the database
      • Modify main_function to insert a million tuples into the database
    • Sum a JSON field for all tuples
    • Indexed pattern search
  • C tutorial
    • C stored procedures
  • SQL tutorial
    • Starting up with a first table and SELECTs
      • Initialize
      • set
      • CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT
      • CREATE TABLE
      • INSERT
      • SELECT with ORDER BY clause
      • SELECT with WHERE clauses
      • SELECT with GROUP BY and aggregating
    • Complications and complex SELECTs
      • NULLs
      • Indexes
      • Create a subset table
      • SELECT with a subquery
      • SELECT with a join
    • Constraints affecting updates
      • CREATE TABLE, with a CHECK clause
      • CREATE TABLE, with a FOREIGN KEY clause
      • UPDATE
      • DELETE
      • ALTER TABLE, with a FOREIGN KEY clause
      • Triggers
    • Operators and functions
      • String operations
      • Number operations
      • Ranges and limits
      • Views
      • Common table expressions
      • VALUES
      • Metadata
    • Calling from a host language to make a big table
      • box.execute()
      • Create a million-row table
      • Select from a million-row table
      • Cleanup and exit
  • libslave tutorial
• Release Notes
  • Version 2.x
  • Version 1.10
  • Version 1.9
  • Version 1.8
  • Version 1.7
  • Version 1.6
• Contributor’s Guide
  • C API reference
    • Module box
    • Module clock
    • Module coio
    • Module error
    • Module fiber
    • Module index
    • Module latch
    • Module lua/utils
    • Module say (logging)
    • Module schema
    • Module trivia/config
    • Module tuple
    • Module txn
  • Internals
    • Binary protocol
      • Notation in diagrams
      • Greeting packet
      • Unified packet structure
      • Authentication
      • Requests
      • Response packet structure
      • Replication packet structure
      • XLOG / SNAP
    • SQL protocol
      • Request packet body
      • Response packet body
    • File formats
      • Data persistence and the WAL file format
      • The snapshot file format
    • The recovery process
    • Server startup with replication
  • Build and contribute
    • Building from source
    • Release management
      • Release policy
      • How to make a minor release
      • How to release a Docker container
  • Guidelines
    • Developer guidelines
      • How to work on a bug
      • How to write a commit message
      • How to submit a patch for review
    • Documentation guidelines
      • Markup issues
        • Wrapping text
        • Formatting code snippets
        • Using separated links
        • Creating labels for local links
        • Making comments
      • Language and style issues
        • US vs British spelling
        • Instance vs server
      • Examples and templates
        • Module and function
        • Module, class and method
    • C Style Guide
      • General guidelines
        • Commenting style
        • Header files
        • Allocating memory
        • Other
      • Linux kernel coding style
        • Chapter 1: Indentation
        • Chapter 2: Breaking long lines and strings
        • Chapter 3: Placing Braces and Spaces
        • Chapter 3.1: Spaces
        • Chapter 4: Naming
        • Chapter 5: Typedefs
        • Chapter 6: Functions
        • Chapter 7: Centralized exiting of functions
        • Chapter 8: Commenting
        • Chapter 9: You’ve made a mess of it
        • Chapter 10: Kconfig configuration files
        • Chapter 11: Data structures
        • Chapter 12: Macros, Enums and RTL
        • Chapter 13: Printing kernel messages
        • Chapter 14: Allocating memory
        • Chapter 15: The inline disease
        • Chapter 16: Function return values and names
        • Chapter 17: Don’t re-invent the kernel macros
        • Chapter 18: Editor modelines and other cruft
        • Appendix I: References
    • Python Style Guide
      • Introduction
      • A Foolish Consistency is the Hobgoblin of Little Minds
      • Code lay-out
        • Indentation
        • Tabs or Spaces?
        • Maximum Line Length
        • Blank Lines
        • Encodings (PEP 263)
        • Imports
      • Whitespace in Expressions and Statements
        • Pet Peeves
        • Other Recommendations
      • Comments
        • Block Comments
        • Inline Comments
        • Documentation Strings
      • Version Bookkeeping
      • Naming Conventions
        • Descriptive: Naming Styles
        • Prescriptive: Naming Conventions
      • References
      • Copyright
    • Lua Style Guide
      • Indentation and Formatting
      • Avoid global variable
      • Naming
      • Idioms and patterns
      • Modules
      • Commenting
      • Testing
      • Error Handling